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1.
Clinics ; 73: e148, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890769

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to identify adverse drug events associated with drug-drug interactions by analyzing the prescriptions of critically ill patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit between November 2006 and September 2008. Data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, three prescriptions administered throughout the entire duration of these patients' hospitalization were reviewed, with the Micromedex database used to search for potential drug-drug interactions. In the second stage, a search for adverse drug events in all available medical, nursing and laboratory records was performed. The probability that a drug-drug interaction caused each adverse drug events was assessed using the Naranjo algorithm. RESULTS: A total of 186 drug prescriptions of 62 HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed. There were 331 potential drug-drug interactions, and 9% of these potential interactions resulted in adverse drug events in 16 patients; these adverse drug events included treatment failure (16.7%) and adverse reactions (83.3%). Most of the adverse drug reactions were classified as possible based on the Naranjo algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: The approach used in this study allowed for the detection of adverse drug events related to 9% of the potential drug-drug interactions that were identified; these adverse drug events affected 26% of the study population. With the monitoring of adverse drug events based on prescriptions, a combination of the evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions by clinical pharmacy services and the monitoring of critically ill patients is an effective strategy that can be used as a complementary tool for safety assessments and the prevention of adverse drug events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Drug Prescriptions , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Databases, Factual , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Drug Monitoring/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Critical Illness/epidemiology , Treatment Failure , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Drug Interactions , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(5): 491-494, maio 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895442

ABSTRACT

This search aimed to investigate FIV and FeLV infections in domestic cats, analysing the epidemiological profile of the disease as well as additional infection with Leishmania sp. We evaluated 88 domestic cats for the presence of FIV, FeLV and Leishmania sp. infection. Eleven (12.5%) cats were positive for FIV infection, four (4.5%) were positive for FeLV, and two were co-infected. However, none was infected with Leishmania sp. The prevalence for FIV infection was higher than FeLV, and those observed in other regions, but no factor was associated with the infection by FIV and FeLV in this study.(AU)


Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar a infecção em gatos domésticos por FIV e FeLV, analisando o perfil epidemiológico destas doenças, assim como a infecção por Leishmania sp. Oitenta e oito gatos domésticos foram avaliados pesquisando a infecção por FIV, FeLV e Leishmania sp. Onze (12,5%) gatos foram positivos para infecção por FIV, quatro (4,5%) para FeLV, e dois gatos apresentaram co-infecção pelos dois vírus. Entretanto, nenhum gato doméstico apresentou infecção por Leishmania sp. A prevalência da infecção para FIV foi maior que a observada para FeLV, e que a observada em outras regiões, mas nenhum fator teve associação à infecção neste estudo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/isolation & purification , Leukemia Virus, Feline/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
3.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 49: 77, 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962147

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To analyze if the distribution of specialized care services for HIV/AIDS is associated with AIDS rates. METHODS Ecological study, for which the distribution of 10 specialized care services in the Ceara state, Northeastern Brazil, was obtained, and the mean rates of the disease were estimated per mesoregion. We evaluated 7,896 individuals who had been diagnosed with AIDS, were aged 13 years or older, lived in Ceara, and had been informed of their condition between 2001 and 2011. Maps were constructed to verify the relationship between the distribution of AIDS cases and institutionalized support networks in the 2001-2006 and 2007-2011 periods. BoxMap and LisaMap were used for data analysis. The Voronoi diagram was applied for the distribution of the studied services. RESULTS Specialized care services concentrated in AIDS clusters in the metropolitan area. The Noroeste Cearense and west of the Sertoes Cearenses had high AIDS rates, but a low number of specialized care services over time. Two of these services were implemented where clusters of the disease exist in the second period. The application of the Voronoi diagram showed that the specialized care services located outside the metropolitan area covered a large territory. We identified one polygon that had no services. CONCLUSIONS The scenario of AIDS cases spread away from major urban areas demands the creation of social support services in areas other than the capital and the metropolitan area of the state; this can reduce access barriers to these institutions. It is necessary to create specialized care services for HIV/AIDS in the Noroeste Cearense and north of Jaguaribe.


OBJETIVO Analisar se a distribuição dos serviços de assistência especializada em HIV/aids está associada às taxas de aids. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico, pelo qual foi obtida a distribuição de 10 serviços de assistência especializada em HIV/aids, no estado do Ceará. As taxas médias da doença foram calculadas por mesorregião. Estudaram-se 7.896 indivíduos notificados com aids, com idade igual ou superior a 13 anos, residentes no Ceará, no período de 2001 a 2011. Construíram-se mapas para verificar relação entre distribuição dos casos de aids e das redes institucionalizadas de apoio nos períodos de 2001 a 2006 e 2007 a 2011. Utilizou-se BoxMap e LisaMap para análise dos dados. Aplicou-se o diagrama de Voronoi para os serviços estudados. RESULTADOS Verificou-se concentração dos serviços de assistência especializada nosclusters de aids na Região Metropolitana do estado. O Noroeste Cearense e o oeste dos Sertões Cearenses apresentaram elevadas taxas de aids, porém baixa quantidade de serviços especializados ao longo do tempo. Houve implantação de dois serviços especializados no segundo período onde existem aglomerados da doença. A aplicação do Diagrama de Voronoi mostrou que os serviços localizados fora da Região Metropolitana abrangem grande extensão territorial. Foi identificado polígono sem nenhum serviço. CONCLUSÕES O cenário de interiorização dos casos de aids demanda a necessidade de criação de serviços de apoio social além da capital e da Região Metropolitana do estado, a fim de diminuir as barreiras de acesso a essas instituições. É necessário criar serviços de assistência especializada em HIV/aids no Noroeste Cearense e no norte do Jaguaribe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Health Services
4.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 57(2): 98-102, 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-208434

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: demostrar la incidencia de meningitis criptococócica (MC) en los pacientes fallecidos con infección por VIH estadío SIDA en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo(HNDM). Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 21 pacientes fallecidos con MC y SIDA entre enero de 1991 a diciembre de 1994 en HNDM. Resultados: La incidencia de MC en pacientes con SIDA fue 10,2 por ciento. Todos fueron varones, siendo la mayor frecuencia entre 26 y 30 años de edad. Los factores de riesgo encontrados fueron: homosexuales 38 por ciento, bisexuales 33,3 por ciento y comportamiento heterosexual promiscuo 26,6 por ciento. Además, en 38 por ciento de los pacientes, se halló uso frecuente de alcohol, pasta de coca y marihuana. en todos los pacientes se detectó prueba de Elisa y Western Blot para VIH. El diagnóstico de MC se hizo por le hallazgo del criptococo en el LCR, examen directo 76,2 por ciento, cultivo 14,2 por ciento y por ambos métodos en 8,5 por ciento. En 61,9 por ciento de pacientes se encontró linfopenia y en el 62,0 por ciento hipoalbuminemia. Conclusiones: la MC es una asociación frecuente en pacientes infectados con el VIH en estadío SIDA, con alta mortalidad. La población más afectada es el sexo masculino, con mayor predominancia entre los 26 a 30 años. La población heterosexual promiscua actualmente es afectada en un porcentaje importante. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron cefalea, náuseas, vómitos y malestar general. La linfopenia y la hipoalbuminemia sérica son parámetros de mal pronósticos. El período de supervivencia fue menor de un año en el 90,5 por ciento de los pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/diagnosis , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/therapy , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Peru
5.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 30(supl): 217-20, 1993. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-239990

ABSTRACT

Os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de três casos de Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Felinos (SIDAF), relacionados à infecçäo pelo FIV säo descritos neste estudo. Dois dos animais eram gatos siameses, com três anos de idade sendo um macho e uma fêmea e o terceiro, um gato doméstico de pelo curto, macho, com seis anos de idade. Os sintomas observados foram febre, icterícia, esplenomegalia, emaciaçäo e fraqueza. As principais alteraçöes hematológicas foram a anemia, näo relacionada à Hemobartonelose, encontrada em dois gatos, neutrofilia encontrada nos três animais e linfopenia observada em um. A necrópsia realizada em dois dos animais revelou que a sepse foi a maior causa da piora das condiçöes clínicas nos gatos infectados pelo FIV. Moraxella phenilpiruvica foi isolada do rim de um dos animais. Todos os gatos apresentaram testes sorológicos positivos para FIV e negativos para FeLV e manifestavam há longo tempo sinais clínicos relacionados à SIDAF


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Cats
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